Wireless telegraphy.



F. G. SARGENT.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIGATION FILED AUG. ze, 1905.

Faisan-ted Nov. 22, 1910.

lNvENToR ATTORNEY.

which the Wire E2 is battery of the local circuit, .the said battery at B, B, the said knobs lsecondary circuit of thesaid coil.

cuit, and extending "WW-IED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK G. SARGENT, OF GRANITE'VILLE. MASSACHUSETTS.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

Specification ofletters Iatent.

Application filed August 26, 1905. Serial No. 275,877.

i To all whom "it 'may concern;

Be it known that' I, FREDERICK G. SAR- ing at Graniteville, in the county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Tireless Telegraphy, of Which the folloW- ing is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The invention consists in an improved coherer; in an improved method and improved means of producing ole-coherence in a coherer; and in a novel method and novel means of facilitating the fle-coherence.

An apparatus comprising one embodiment of the invention is villustrated in Figures l and 2 of the drawings, F ig. l-being a diagrain of the receiving station, and Fig. 2 a

detail'view in section of a coherer con- Y onN'r, a citizen of the United States, residl l l l l i diagram of the sending station. Fig. 3 is a l structed in conformity With the invention. Fig. 4L is a similar view showing a modification of the coherer.

Referring to Fig. 2, Fis a batter f, and E is a sending or transmitting instrument,

. which herein is represented by an ordinary Morse key serving to close the circuit through the primary of the Ruhmkorii coil A, A. Thek knobs of an oscillator are shown being connected, respectively, to the respective terminals ojt' the In practice a mechanical vibrator (not shown) is employed to make and break the current through the primary of the coil. At C l is an aerial or antenna which is in connection with one terminal of the said secondary circuit, and at D is a ground which is in connection means oi? a Wire D with the other terminal of the latter.

Referring to Fig. 1., at E E2 is represented the aerial or antenna of the receiving station, J-being the cohcrer with one end ot' connected. M is the being` connected by a Wire M with the coherer. A is the relay which is embraced in the local circuit, P being a Wire which extends from the battery M to the relay, and 0 is a Wire also pertaining to the local cirfrom the relay to a post N pertaining to the receiving or signaling 1 instrument. vL is a sounder-postpertaining to .the latter instrument, and Lf a Wire con? necting the said sounder-post with a post G', to which last 1s applied a vibrator'G that 1s in connection with the end of cohererJ oppo site to that end ot' the latter to which the Wire lr is connected. F is the ground of the local circuit, the said ground being connected by means ont' Wire with the wire L aforesaid. R is a conducting Wire pertaining to the relay circuit, S the battery in the said relaycin cuit, and B a coil or electrofmagnet included in such circuit and pertaining to the receiving or signaling instrument. The said instrument is shown as a sounder, the vibra.- tor B2 thereof. being pivoted at B3 to the post N,'and L2 is the adjusting-screw in connection `with. the sounder-post L, and with Which the vibrator makes contact. At BS is indicated a spring, attached at, one end thereof to the post N and bearing' by the other upon the tail of the vibrator, and operating 'with a tendency to separate the vibrator from the core-piece of coil B and hold the vibrator against the end of the adjusting-screw L2.

The coherer I comprises a tube J", Figs. l and 3, having itted into one end thereof a portion of the length of a metallic or other conducting rod II, and into the other end thereof a portion of the length of a like rod I. Preferably the rods I-I and I are composed oit' steel. The rod II is secured to a post K, with capacity tor longitudinal adjustment, by means o a bindingseren7 K', and the Wires C2, M, are in electrical connection with such rod. `Rod I is fastened to the vibrator The space Within the tube J, interveningbetween the proximate inner ends of the rods H and I is occupied by material J2, which latter, while normally constituting an imperfect conductor, will be rendered more perfectly conductive, or as it commonly is termed. will be cohered, by the action of the `l-Iertz Waves. In Fig. 3 the inner end of rod II is conical and the inner end of rod I is correspondingly concaved. In the case of the coherer J3 shown in Fig. 4, the inner ends of the tjvo rods'H2, I2, are squared ott). Preferably, I employ steeltilings or particles for the cohering material J2. Tube J, preferably, is made of rubber and is ot an elastic nature, its opposite ends being' fastened to the respective rods H, I.

The elasticity'of the rubber tube enables thev some cases use a tube of some other nonconducting material, fastening one endof the same to either of the rods H and I and leaving the other end of the tube and the other rod free to work longitudinally upon each other. In practice, the parts of the coherer first are adjusted s0 that the current from battery M passes through the coherer, and then the ends of the rods of the coherer are adjusted apart from each other, by

'means of the adjusting-screw L21 in connection with the vibrator G, sufficiently to break or reduce the current from the said battery. The coherer then is in a condition suitable to be operated von by the Hertz waves.

Oscillations originating at the sending or transmitting station of Fig. 2 in consequence ot' the closing of the instrument E, and propagated thence and reaching the receiving station ot' Fig. 1, will aliect thecoherer so as to cause the resistance within the same to become reduced, and thereby close the local circuit during" the continuance of the oscillation and for a length of time corresponding thereto. 'By such closing the, relay circuit excites the coil or electro-magnet B ot' the receiving or signaling instrument. In order to cause the material within the coherer to dc-cohereupon the cessation of a particular oscillation which has closed the circuit and produced an action of the receiving or signaling instrument corresponding thereto, so as by such (le-coherence to break circuit, I provide for causing relative movement ot' the rods of the coherer to ,widen the interval between the proximate ends of such rods. It is with this .aim in view that the rodI in Figs. l and 3, and the rod I2 in I+`ig.,4, is connected to the vibrator (l. For the purpose of. operating the vibrator G. l provide an electro-magnetic coil or coils G3, the said vibrator serving as or carrying the armature for the said' coil cr coils. One end of the wire of said coil or coils is connected by a wire G4 with the post N. The other end thereof is connected by a lwire G to a battery W,. from which a wire Vv" extends to a contact-device or circuitcloser U. sounder-post L. The vibrator B2 of the recciving or signaling instrument is provided with an adjusting screw T for action against the elastic or springortion of the said device U. Movement o the said vibrator occasioned by the coil or electro-magnet B will causethe said adjusting-screw T to produce contact between the said elastic portion or spring of the said contact-device or circuitcloser and the sounder-post, which will complete the circuit embracing the battery W and electro-magnet or electro-magnets G3. The excitation of the said magnet or mag- The latter is insulated from drawn away from the adjusting-screw L2.

However. it is not absolutely necessary that there should be a make and break inthe said.

circuit for this reason, and I contemplatein some instances connecting the wire L `d ircctly to the post N or wire O.

At. l, 2 and 3 are resistance coils which are inserted in the lines for the prevention of sparking at the points at which the makes and breaks are made through the circuits to the batteries which have been described. Such-sparking is detrimental to the operation of the coherer.

The"capacity area C of the aerial at the sending or transmitting station is spherical, and so is'the capacity area E of the aerial at ,the receiving station. The two capacity areas are of the same size or capacity. The ground D at the sending or transmitting station is spherical, and so is the ground F at the receiving station, the two grounds being both ofthe same size or capacity. The length of the wire connecting the capacity area E with the ground at the receiving station isthe same as that of the wire connecting the capacity area C with the ground at the sending or transmitting station. Hence, the aerial or antenna, ground, and connecting wire at each station are of the same capacity as those at the other.

The features shown and described herein other than the cohererthe method of producing de-coherence therein, and the method and means of facilitatingde-coherence, have been made the subject of claims in a divisional application filed December 18, 1906, Serial No. 348,380.

I claim' as my invention l. In a coherer, `in combination, the tubeA composed of extensible material, the rods enterin' opposite ends of'such tube and having sai -ends connected therewith, and the cohering material between the 'proximate ends of such rods.

2. In a coherer, in combination, the elastic non-conducting tube, and the electrodes' fitted into the opposite ends of said tube.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK G. SARGENT. Witnesses:

CHAS. G. SARGENT, WM. F. SARGENT. 

